Paleolithic Vs Neolithic Art Essays - Art Of The Upper Paleolithic

Paleolithic Vs Neolithic Art PALEOLITHIC VS. NEOLITIC ART The following is a comparison of art from the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods in history. Paleolithic Art is art that was produced about 32,000 to 11,000 years ago. The art of the Paleolithic period falls into two main categories: portable pieces, such as small figurines or decorated objects, and cave art. Paleolithic art usually is classified as either figurative that is, depicting animals or humans, or nonfigurative, taking the form of signs and symbols. The portable art of the Paleolithic period was carved out of bone, antler, or stone, or modeled in clay. They consist of carefully worked small flint figurines of people, animals and birds, which are schematic and stylized and were probably used as amulets. This art has been found in much of Europe, in Northern Africa, and in Siberia. Paleolithic cave art, discovered in the 1860s by French paleontologist Edouard Lartet, primarily in northern Spain and southern France, takes the form of paintings, drawings, and engravings on cave walls. Artistic objects made during the Paleolithic era occupy an important place in history, since this is the only source from which we can reconstruct and study people of ancient times. The meaning and purpose of such objects from the Paleolithic era are usually identified with ancient cults. Neolithic Art is the art and architecture of the prehistoric period stretching roughly from 7000 to 3000 BC. Neolithic art was primarily composed of pottery and architecture. By the Neolithic age the advances in technology such as farming, weaving, the advent of pottery and the construction of monumental structures such as Stonehenge, indicate that humankind begin to settle and develop their land. Neolithic people created wooden figurines of people and animals along with pottery decorated with triangles, spirals, wavy lines, and other geometric forms on its rough or polished surfaces. There are a number of articles intended for tribal cults; these are polished stone axe-hammers, one end terminating with a bear's or elk's head executed with a considerable degree of realism. Neolithic pottery has been found throughout the Neolithic regions, from the Middle East through North Africa and the Mediterranean to Europe and the British Isles. Depending on the particular culture of its origin, such pottery may be cast in forms that mimic baskets, gourds, bells, or leather sacks. In conclusion, the arts in the Paleolithic and the Neolithic time period were different in many ways and alike also. As man's mind increased, it led into the new age, and the improved quality of art through these two periods. Arts and Painting

Essay Sample on Marriott Corporation The Marketing Research

Essay Sample on Marriott Corporation The Marketing Research Marriott functions in three main areas: lodging (Marriott Hotels and Resorts, Marriott Suites, Residence Inns, Courtyard Hotels, and Fairfield Inns), contract services (Marriott Business Food and Services, Education, Health-Care, In-Flight Services, and Host International, Inc.) and restaurants (family restaurants, Travel Plazas, and Hot Shops). It is probably best known, however, for its lodging operations. Marketing research at Marriott is done at the corporate level through the Corporate Marketing Services (CMS). CMS’s goals include providing the management of the different areas of Marriott with the information they need to better understand the market and the customer. CMS conducts many different types of research. They use quantitative and qualitative research approaches such as telephone and mail surveys, focus groups, and customer intercept to gain more information on market segmentation and sizing, product testing, price sensitivity of consumers, consumer satisfaction, and the like. The process of research at Marriott is a simple stepwise progression. The first step is to better define the problem to be addressed and the objectives of the client unit and to develop an approach to the problem. The next step is to formulate a research design and design the study. CMS must decide whether to conduct its own research or buy it from an outside organization. If the latter option is chosen, CMS must decide whether or not to use multiple firms. Once a decision is made, the research is carried out by collecting and analyzing the data. Then, CMS presents the study findings. The final step in the research process is to keep a constant dialogue between the client and the CMS. During this stage, CMS may help explain the implications of the research findings or may make suggestions for future actions. This is a sample Marketing essay written from scratch by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom term paper, essay, research paper, thesis or dissertation contact our company now.

Core Competencies required for all Rehab Registered Nurses Research Paper

Core Competencies required for all Rehab Registered Nurses - Research Paper Example Many nurses have been credited for playing significant roles in elevating the rehabilitation concepts. In the year 1854, Florence Nightingale was the significant figure to introduce rehabilitation concepts in England. Notably, during this period, rehabilitation practices reduced mortality rates particularly during the Crimean War. Isabel Adams Hampton introduced the rehabilitation practices and principles in North America between 1860 and 1910. In emphasizing the underlying principles and practices of rehabilitations, Hampton pointed out that it is important to be clean and asepsis throughout the rehabilitation processes in order to reduce chances of secondary infections (Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, n.d.). Therefore, it vital for the rehabilitation nurses to remain clean all through the practice as well as maintaining cleanliness within and about the rehabilitation structures. The hygiene among the key principle of nursing rehabilitation can only be achieved by meeting comp etency requirements. It should be noted that rehabilitation is the process of recovery or adaptation whereby on a person suffering from functionality or disabling limiting conditions that may be irreversible or temporary, participates to regain maximum independence, functionality, and restoration. Rehabilitation services or programs aims at assisting a person to help from trauma or illness resulting from loss of functions that may include physical, social, psychological, and vocation (Mauk, n.d.). According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2007), rehabilitation is the process that aims at restoring an individual’s mental or physical ability lost from injuries or diseases. Rehabilitation processes may be short lived or may be practiced on an individual for the rest of their lives depending on the extent and nature of injury. Goals of a rehabilitation practices are often defined within the goals that are mutually established within each individual’s practice of re habilitation (Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, n.d.). Additionally, the underlying practices and principles within each defined rehabilitation process are often guided by the development care plan that is available or developed by a rehab nurse (Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson at el, 2011). In other words, the rehabilitation practices or goals are defined within the desired results for each rehabilitation client. The entire rehabilitation team often share or concentrate on a particular rehab area thereby sharing similar goals for the same client. The most vital purposes of the rehabilitation include maximizing self-dependence, self-care, restoring and maintaining functions, encouraging adaptation, and preventing complications (Mauk, n.d.). There are numerous goals and objectives of undertaking rehabilitation measures; however, a particular practice is often pegged on the desired outcome as per the care planning forwarded by the interdisciplinary team. Competencies and Cert ification The Basic Rehabilitation Nursing Practices Competencies were published in the 1994 by the ARN. The manual was produced to help in precept or educate, teach, and orientate new nurses on the requirements and principles of rehabilitation. The understanding of the rehabilitation was divided into three stages that cover a total of twelve months (Mauk, n.d.). Each phase has its own training goals and objects towards competency. The first phase incorporates a three months training where the

The major issues between Israel and Palestine, in their not being able Essay - 1

The major issues between Israel and Palestine, in their not being able to reach a peace agreement - Essay Example However, history proved to be detrimental to their mission. The Land of Israel was conquered by Arabs for a millennium and was later renamed Palestine (Isseroff, 2007). Today, the Land of Israel as stated in the Old Testament encompasses both the State of Israel and the State of Palestine after it was divided by the United Nations after World War II; and the rest, as they say, is a bloody history (Isseroff, 2007). Before discussing some of the major issues in the conflict between Israel and Palestine, it must be noted that it is a conflict that is extremely complicated in that too many things have happened that have caused each peace agreement to fail. The deep-rooted enmity that has existed in Israelis and Palestinians through the centuries makes one major issue that it seems cannot be bypassed through several attempts to reach a peace agreement. It is like trying to reconcile two archenemies who are not yet ready to make peace with each other, with the level of mistrust increasing with every little wrong move (Bar-On, n.d.). Each camp seems to want to make sure that it is not being cheated, leading to violations in peace agreement stipulations. For instance, the Oslo Accord in 1993 seemed to have been working to keep the peace between the two warring peoples. At least, there were hopes that it would generate enough goodwill between the two opposing sides that a peace agreement can be reache d in the years after (Bar-On, n.d.). But it was not to be as â€Å"the murder of Prime Minister Rabin, the massive Palestinian terror attacks and Israeli continuous building in the settlements showed how deep and extensive was the drive to prevent a solution, rather than enhance it† (Bar-On, n.d.). Aside from the deep hatred each camp feels for the other, the rise of extremist parties, particularly Hamas in Palestine, has become Israel’s most recent scapegoat in protecting its

Salling & Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salling & Sales Management - Essay Example Thus, having an iPad ensures more than just convenience of having both smartphone and laptop in a one-unit package. It also ensures convenient features that are combined together and are remarkably present in smartphone and laptop. This makes iPad as an amazing technology and a perfect work of technological innovation to meet the demand for comfort, flexibility and satisfaction in a world where business and communication are revolving around and connecting the lives of people. 2. What is the difference of iPad from smartphones and laptops? Features wise, there can be no difference when it comes to what iPad can do and smartphones and laptops individually. However, what is amazing about iPad is its ability to do all the things that smartphones and laptops can possibly do. Section 2. After sales and customer follow up After closing a sale, the relationship between the seller and customer does not end because the job of a salesperson does not end after money has been exchanged and contr acts have been signed. In fact, follow up with the customers is necessary after a sale so as to build the relationship. It is important to regard prospects that a seller has won over as new friends by keeping in touch with them on a regular basis. What is the good thing about in making this is that a sales person is making a wide network of contacts with people who can give their trust and confidence on him.

Study of Organized Retail in Rural Indian Markets

Study of Organized Retail in Rural Indian Markets Shubham Kumar Retailing accounts for around 10% of the Indian GDP and the Indian retail market is estimated to be worth around US $600 billion in 2015 and to reach US$1.3 trillion by 2020. It is also one of the fastest in the world in terms of growth and already consists of 1.2 billion people. In order to understand the standing of organized retailing in the rural Indian markets, one must first understand what is meant by organized retailing itself. 1.1 Organized Retailing   Ã‚   With more than 15 million owner manned mom-and-pop stores, India is often called a nation of shopkeepers. This is referred to as unorganized retailing and it refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing such as the local corner shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, hand carts and pavement vendors, etc. On the other hand, organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the publicly traded supermarkets, corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. The face of retailing in India was changed by the emergence of organized retail formats along with a shift in the Indian consumers attitude. The above figure shows the evolution of the Indian retail market. However, organized retailing in the Indian markets has mostly been in the urban regions and the overall Organized Retail Penetration (ORP) is low at 8% (in 2015) showing that a lot of potential still exists. 1.2 Organized Retailing in Rural Indian Markets The unorganized retailers hold advantages such as being personal, strong relationships, serving as points of news, offering credit and helping the people in difficult times. Further, they understand the local requirements and offer low prices as they have low overheads. By 2012, urban Indian markets was where 85% of the organized retailing took place in India. However, with a lot of foreign players entering, limited and expensive desirable real estate and foreign investment restrictions have pushed the Indias retail market closer to maturity. The rural Indian market on the other hand, consists of 833,087,662 people (68.84% of total) living in around 6,40,867 villages. Development of the rural market began after the Green Revolution when the demand for farm inputs like hybrids seeds and fertilisers began rising. Yet only a small part of the vast rural market remains covered by organized retailers such as DCM Shrirams Hariyali, HULs Project Shakti and ITCs e-Choupal. The following figure shows the evolution of the different retailing formats in the rural markets: Organized retailing offers certain advantages such as operating in a large scale with multiple outlets, being highly efficient and hold high bargaining power over suppliers due to their volume purchases. In addition to these advantages, following are some drivers which are fueling organized retailing in the rural markets: 2.1 Scope This study looks at various secondary sources of information regarding the major players involved in organized retailing in the rural Indian markets. An analysis of their marketing mix along with their strategies is done and the opportunities and challenges for retailing in these markets are identified. Following are the organized retailing entities covered as a part of this study: Warana Bazar Godrej Aadhaar ITC e-Choupal Caupal Sagar HUL Shakti DSCL Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar 2.2 Major Organized Retailers in Rural India Due to its vast potential and growth, the rural Indian market has been successful in attracting many large corporate houses and come up with innovative means to cater to their needs. Some of these firms include international players such as HUL, ITC, Gilette etc. While some of these initiatives were successful, some were not able to gain enough traction. 2.2.1 Warana Bazar Warana Bazar (WB) was founded in the year 1976 and started operating in 1978 in Warana, Maharashtra. It operates as a consumer co-operative store and has become immensely successful. By 2015, WB had 2 large departmental stores, 55 branches and 3 franchisees in 101 villages spread across Kolhapur and Sangli in Maharashtra in addition to being present in Goa and Karnataka. The yearly turnover reached à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹132 crores with a daily turnover of more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹35 lakhs powered by only 610 employees and 24,000 members. The stores provided 30,000 different types of goods across 24 sections. They also eliminated the middlemen by purchasing 70% of the goods directly from the manufacturers or from authorized stockists and agents. The goods were priced cheaper than anywhere else, suggesting an everyday low pricing policy. In addition to this, innovative ideas have proven to be crucial in the success of WB. They educated the customers about spurious goods and in addition to this, it felicitates the mothers around Warananagar who give birth to a girl child in order to help improve the sex ratio. Vilasrao. A training center coined Tatyasaheb Kore Consumers Cooperative Training Centre was also established in 1996 to gain access to trained salesmen. 2.2.2 Godrej-Future Group: Aadhaar Stores Godrej Aadhaar (GA), the agri services cum retail initiative of Godrej Agrovet Ltd., a subsidiary of Godrej Industries Ltd., came into operation in December 2003 by opening a center at Manchar, Pune in Maharashtra. Initially, the Aadhaar stores were owned and operated by Godrej Agrovet itself. After a joint venture with the Future Group in 2008, some company-owned outlets were closed and expanded through franchisees. By 2012, it entered the cash-and-carry business selling to wholesalers and Aadhaar outlets. By 2013, there were 45 Aadhaar outlets in Punjab and Gujarat. Image 1: An Aadhar store in Punjab Initially, 1/3rd of the overall sales of Aadhar outlets came from farm inputs, while the rest came equally from apparel, consumer durables and consumer goods. Since then, the share of farm inputs has decreased and presently, more than 90% of the sales came from groceries and consumer goods. Rekhi says. The new strategies have yielded results, and Aadhaar was looking to break even. 2.2.3 ITC Ltd.: e-Choupal Choupal Saagar ITC Ltd. Launched e-Choupal and later Choupal Saagar as a part of the e-Choupal initiative. E-choupals are small kiosks across the agricultural regions of India having computers and internet access and run by a Sanchalak (trained fanner). These kiosks enabled the local farmers to obtain information on wholesale prices, good farming practices, and to place orders for agricultural inputs. In 2004, Indias biggest cigarette maker, ITC, opened its first rural hypermarket Choupal Saagar. By 2007, it had 24 such outlets in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, and by 2013, 21 of these were earning profits. Though it plans to have 100 such store, ITC has not expanded further yet. Choupal Saagar, is essentially a hub with collection and storage facilities and a unique rural hypermarket offering multiple services all in one place. Choupal Saagars also include farmer facilitation centers with services such as sourcing, training, soil testing, health clinic, cafeteria, banking, investment services, fuel station etc. Image 2: A typical Choupal Sagar store. Before launching Choupal Saagar, ITC first had to developed the market. This was done by using the its e-Choupal linkages to buy agricultural produce from farmers helping them increase their productivity and incomes by removing the middlemen and empowering them. After this, Choupal Saagar stores were launched to sell a variety of products and services including farm inputs, consumer goods and consumer durables, apparel and fuel. These stores were located near the stock points of ITCs e-Choupals, ensuring that there existed 1 Choupal Sagar around 25-30 e-Choupals. The farmers could come in, sell their produce, receive cash and then spend it to buy other products at the same place. Thus, the sustainability of this model was ensured. ITC then took this model a step further by introducing Choupal Fresh in 2006 in Hyderabad. The Choupal Fresh would complete the supply chain which begins at the e-Choupals by offering the urban consumers fresh fruits, vegetables and other farm products. 2.2.4 HUL: Project Shakti Project Shakti was started to reach the massive under-served rural Indian markets which could not be economically and effectively reached through traditional methods. In these remote villages, HUL identified underprivileged women and trained them to become Shakti Entrepreneurs (SEs) i.e. distributors of HUL products in villages, in the process enabling them to earn a sustainable income through this business. Initially, the women were trained to be entrepreneurs and were called Shakti ammas, and in the later stages, this was augmented by the addition of Shaktimaan or the male members who helped in the distribution of the HUL products and further increased the income. Considerable resources are invested by HUL to train the villagers to become entrepreneurs, thus, besides being a sales, distribution and communication initiative, Shakti also serves as a micro-enterprise initiative improving the standards of life and providing employment opportunities. HUL is benefitted as the project helps enhance HULs direct rural reach and enables better communication of HULs brands effectively in media-dark regions. In 2001, Project Shakti started from 17 SEs in a single state and by 2008, it had grown to more than 45,000 SEs. Additional projects associated with Project Shakti are Shakti Day, i-Shakti Unit and Shakti Vani Programme. 2.2.5 DSCL: Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar DCM Shriram Consolidated Ltd (DSCL) Hariyali stores were started in 2002 selling farm products, groceries and household goods. In 6 years, it operated 300 stores in India and became the largest rural retail chain. Each Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar operated in an area of 20 kms., catering to agricultural land of about 50,000-70,000 acres touching approx. 15,000 farmers. The value proposition was that of Unnati Ghar Sansaar and Gaon providing valuable technical assistance, soil water testing services, retailing agricultural inputs, facilitating the farmers with credit and providing a platform to the farmers to sell their produce, crop finance, transfer information on weather, price of the products based on demand and supply, all under one roof. It had collaborations with the likes of Tata Agrico, Bajaj Allianz Life, Apollo Pharmacy, Eicher Motors and HDFC Bank. However, the rural market presents a lot of challenges for organized retailing and not all players have been able to succeed in this venture. Revenues kept on increasing at a good rate but the business was not able to earn a profit which caused DSCL to reevaluate its strategy. First, it slowed down expansion and later it shut down some stores and finally after 10 years of trying, it exited the business. Presently, it sells only petroleum products sourced from Bharat Petroleum at 37 locations in the countryside dropping the revenues but also limiting the losses. An ex-employee of said that the outlet didnt offer any discounts and, unlike local grocery stores, didnt sell on credit which might be the main reasons behind its collapse. Image 3: A closed Hariyali store in Haryanas Ladwa village. 3.1 Challenges for Organized Retailing in Rural Indian Markets Typical problems of retailing in rural markets: Low disposable incomes Illiteracy and low awareness Higher overhead costs Fluctuating demand that depends on the monsoon Diverse buying habits Difficulty in competing with mom-and-pop stores 3.2 Distribution and Logistics Models The typical distribution models and hub and spoke model do not always succeed in the rural markets and are very expensive to implement. Taking the example of HUL, taking its huge product portfolio to the remotest of villages was a big challenge. However, the company realized that the conventional hub-and-spoke distribution model which it used to great effect in both urban and semi-urban markets would turn out to be very expensive when penetrating the smaller scattered villages. Hence, it came up with Project Shakti and created local entrepreneurs using self-help groups. This developmental approach made sure that even the remotest of villages could be reached and the market developed without a large investment in the distribution infrastructure. On the other hand, Haryali Kisaan Bazaar was not successful as it could not implement such cost-effective and innovative distribution models, therefore failing to keep its costs low and earn a profit. The sustainability of organized retailing in the rural markets depends upon the ability of the firms to come up with innovative distribution and logistics models such as using public distribution stores, distribution vans, non-government organizations etc. Yet another example can be taken of ITCs Choupal Sagar which used technology to reduce its costs as well as empower the farmers by enabling them to get better deals for their produce. 3.3 Ensuring Sustainability through Market Development In order to generate sales in the remote rural markets, they must be first developed so that the consumers have the required knowledge to find value from the product and the disposable income to be able to afford the product. Organized retail however, does not help in increasing the rural incomes but only meets the consumption requirements. This makes the business models unsustainable. In order to sustain, the organized retailers must simultaneously work to develop these markets by implementing innovative ideas. Looking at ITC, it did not straight away establish the Choupal Sagar stores, instead ITC focused on developing linkages through its e-Choupal program first. It developed a strong network to buy agricultural products from farmers and improve productivity, helping raise their incomes and in the process, reduce its procurement costs. It was after establishing the e-Choupals and a certain level of trust with the rural markets that ITC went on to launch the Choupal Sagar stores which sold a variety of products and services to these rural markets. HULs Project Shakti also ensured sustainability by ensuring the development of the markets through self-help groups called the Shakti Markets. Similarly, Warana Bazar being a consumer co-operative store also helped in the development of the rural markets. Due to a lack of substantial developmental efforts, organized retailers such as the Hariyali Kisaan Bazar and Aadhar Stores have run into trouble, unable to make profits and sustain the business. While the Hariyali Kisaan Bazar have been reduced to selling fuel products, Aadhar Stores have had to shut down a lot of stores and recreate its product mix. Franchises are an attractive way of expanding organized retail stores as local franchisees are better at maintaining customer relationships as they understand the local consumption patterns better. References Equbal, D. S. (2012, January). Organized Retailing in India: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 02(01), 281-291. Govt. of India. (2011). Rural Urban Distribution of Population. Census of India 2011. Haidar, P. (2015, July). Modern Rural Marketing Network. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, XXV(01), 91-102. India Brand Equity Foundation. (2017). Retail Industry in India. Jain, V. (2016, August). Challenges for Organized Retailing in India. International Journal of Research in Commerce Management, 07(08), 45-46. Poonam Talwar, S. S. (2011, July Dec.). Retailing Prospects in Rural Market. International Journal of Computer Science and Communication, 02(02), 527-529. Surajit Dey, D. S. (2012, Nov. Dec.). Organized Retail in the Rural Markets in India. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 06(01), 16-25.

Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann

Paris in the l9th century was anything but beautiful; the City of Lights was a city of disparity; graceful monuments, historic buildings and slum dwellings, sat side by side. The narrow streets were catch-alls for chamber pots that were emptied into the streets from windows, the sewer system was inadequate, for a city with a million inhabitants, and prompting extremely unhealthy conditions that bred disease and only one out of five households had running water.This statement from Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Genevan philosopher depicts a snapshot picture of Old Paris, â€Å"Entering through the faubourg Saint Marceau, I saw only small, dirty and stinking streets, ugly black houses, an air of filth, poverty, beggars, carters, sewing women, women hawking tisanes and old hats† (British library. ) All of these issues would be â€Å"history† with the city’s modernization done at an unprecedented pace by Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann. Baron Haussmann was born, in Paris, o n March 27th, 1809. He was educated at theCollege Henry IV, studied law, while simultaneously taking classes at the Conservatoire de Paris, because he was a good musician. He diverted from being a lawyer, turning his focus on architecture, becoming a civil engineer and career administrator. Mr. Haussmann was appointed sous-prefet (state representative) of Nerac, a commune of the Lot-et-Garonne department in southwestern France, in l830. He advanced quickly in the civil service venue; in l853 he was appointed the prefet of the Seine Department, (department in France is similar to a county) and remained in that position until l870.During this time period, Baron Haussmann was made senator in l857, grand cross at the Legion d’honneur, a premier order of France, in l862, and a member of the Academy of Fine Arts in l867. (wikipedia) He died on January 11, l891 in Paris, leaving a continuous and evolving legacy. The Baron’s name is preserved on the Boulevard Haussmann and in the very core of the â€Å"City of Lights. † Now that I have given a brief, biographical summary of Mr. Haussmann’s life, here is a detailed look at his accomplishments, historical impact on urbanism and constant influence in today’s society.Emperor Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the last monarch to rule France, wanted to be acknowledged as a great communal engineer. He was partial to helping the poor, working class people of Paris and desperately wanted to shape the city in to a progressive, healthy environment. There was also a safety issue, the Emperor needed to address; it was imperative that he reduce the ability of future revolutionaries to defy the government, by benefiting on the medieval maze of streets to easily form barricades. Devising wider streets for logical maneuvers, would allow battalions and artillery to circulate effortlessly.Napoleon III rightly chose, the best civil engineer in Paris, Baron Haussmann to implement the recons truction of his capital. The Emperor let Haussmann maintain substantial executive power and extensive finances with this project. Ultimately, over a decade and a half he spent 2,115,000,000 francs, the equivalence of 1. 5 billion in today’s currency. Napoleon also protected Haussmann from the myriad of critics, this was fundamental for his success. Paris would undergo a major transformation and people had two different views of Haussmann; one as a man who would demolish â€Å"old† Paris , and the other as a man who would create a â€Å"new†Paris. Haussmanization is what this massive undertaken was dubbed, its actual definition being, â€Å"the creative destruction of something for the betterment of society,â€Å" (wiktionary). The criticism the Baron received was that specific, Parisian’s were troubled by the destruction of buildings, including whole neighborhoods. In they’re opinion, there was no â€Å"betterment,† the wide streets had a diminutive purpose, except for being anti-riot streets, and all Haussmann did for the poor areas was to build encompassing boulevards from which they could be subjugated (British lib.) Another, subject he was disparaged for, was his methods of financing the projects, which included using his connections with realtors. Haussmann would allow them to purchase property along the new boulevards in exchange for an exuberant profit. This issue ignited an intense political controversy and even though the allegation were never proven , it eventually led to the Baron’s dismissal as the prefet, on January 5, l870. Napoleon III had no choice if he was to increase the approval rating of this regime.Parisians who viewed Haussmann’s modernization of Paris as positive, and new he would be providing a much needed service to the city, far out numbered the opposition. Most of the people perceived the streets as they actually were; unsanitary, with garbage and waste left by a faulty sewer system, crowded, damp, shanties covered in mud, and confusing. The narrow streets, with no sidewalks, discouraged prospective customers from going to shops, and during Paris’s recurrent spates of civil disorder, made it easier to form barricades. Haussmannization would deliver a â€Å"new† Paris, a healthy, moreorganized, safer city. Baron Haussmann’s first task was to create a detailed map of Paris, this would be the basis of his work. He then installed wood towers throughout the city, taller than surrounding buildings to serve as triangulation points in the surveying process. This was an advanced engineering process, theory is still use today. Triangulation is finding coordinates and the distance of a point by calculating the length of different sides of a triangle. Devising the towers, for this purpose, was ingenious. The transformation was now underway, using 1500 architects and over 60,000 workers.Paris was deemed the â€Å"largest construction site in th e world,† and would hold that title for two decades (France monthly). Three quarters of the Ile de la Cite, was destroyed to construct a central area for the Palais de Justice, police headquarters and barracks. Ile de la Cite is one of two islands in the Seine River, the other is Ile Saint-Louis, is the center of Paris and where the city was founded (wikipedia). Approximately 15,000 homes were pulled down and the only buildings untouched were; Notre Dame, the Saint-Chapelle, Conciergie and the Palais de Justice.Haussmann’s beautification of Paris, includes the star-shaped Place de l†Etoile, which is a large urban junction with a meeting point of twelve straight avenues, around the Arc de Triomphe, several new parks, gardens and the planting of over 100,000 trees. The Baron admired the large and central London parks, such as the Hyde and Regent Parks, and decided to created two comparable ones, . most notably the Bois de Boulogne, and the Bois de Vincennes. The Bar on built or rebuilt several market, the most famous redesigned market was the Les Halles, the first major building project to use iron-frame construction.This material allowed for improved control of the city’s food supplies and lessening of health hazards (SafariX). Another famous redesign was the Palais Garnier, commonly known as Opera de Paris, and named after its architect, Charles Garnier, who was chosen by the Baron to supervise the project. Mr. Garnier was instructed to build a 2nd theatre for the famous Parisian Opera and Ballet Companies. Legend says that Napoleon III’s wife asked Garnier if it would be built in Greek or Roman style and he replied, â€Å"It is in the Napoleon III style, Madame! â€Å" (msn. Encarta) Haussmann imposed a regulationthat required all new buildings to have a standardized height and design, this gave modern Paris characteristic landscape. Haussmann’s plan continued with organizing the city by numbering districts and houses. Parisian’s lives were made easier with the numeration. Wide, straight, new boulevards with commanding facades, converging at major junctions, marked by monuments, public buildings and points of significance such as city gates or railway stations, were made to facilitated traffic movement, eliminate cramped streets, and provide proficient access for army troops from the provinces to come into the city,if needed. Baron Haussmann’s implemented a railway network, with six new railroads stations, operating outside the city, improving transportation and directly contributing to a flourishing economic environment. The railways contributed to the development of coal mining and the steel industry in France, bringing they’re economy into a contemporary age of large scale free enterprise. The design of the streets combined with the new public transportation allowed Parisians an easy access to the city and its shops, museums, theatre etc., encouraged people to flaunt their new wealth. Probably the most imperative part of the â€Å"modernization† of Paris was the purification and decontamination of their ancient sewer system. A complete renovation was imperative to instill healthy conditions in the city. Haussmann named engineer Eugene Belgrad, Director of Water and Sewers of Paris, who attacked the problem by creating â€Å"sort of a city under the city,† The system harnessed underwater springs, some over 100 kilometers from Paris, then brought fresh, clean water by aqueducts to flush out the waste (France Monthly).The sewer system, although underground, didn’t go unobserved, Haussmann ensured that it became a showpiece, even providing transportation for their viewing, the system, to this day, is considered a tourist attractioin. Baron Haussmann and Napoleon III’s architectural strategy for the modernization of Paris is largely responsible for the city’s present appearance and for the groundwork of current and almos t certainly, future designs. The Baron’s vision of a city came into fruition, making Paris one of the most magnificently beautiful cities, a formidable economic power, with much healthier living conditions.Haussmann still continues to inspire architectural design. One example is the City Beautiful Movement, a progressive reform movement in North American architect, in the1800’s and 1900’s, its primary objective was to revamp poverty-stricken urban environments. â€Å"Haussmannian Revolution,† a term used because, for the first time in history, under an emporer, a single man systematically modernized a city on such a mammoth scope (France Monthly). Work Cited British Library, An Imperial Capital: Baron Haussmann’s Transformation of Pariswww. mapforum. com/15blmap. htm France Monthly, Baron Haussmann, and the Transformation of Paris, 2006 www. francemonthly. com/n/1202/index. php MSN. Encartam, Paris (city, France)-MSN Encarta 2007 http//Encarta. msn . com/encylopedia SafariX, Haussmannization and Ostentation http//www. safarix. com/0131932934/ch15lev1sec2 Wikipedia, Baron Haussman, 2 April 2007 www. widipedia. org/wiki/Baron_Haussmann Wikitionary, Etymology, 8 December 2006 http//en. wikitionary. org

Anti Hazing Law Essay

The given document regarding the anti-hazing law provides the possible penalties for the liable initiation rites or practice which purpose is to embarrass and humiliate the neophyte forcing him/her to menial, silly and foolish tasks and activities. Hazing, is only allowed for the Military clubs or organizations such as Armed forces of the Philippines, Philippine national Police, Philippine Military Academy or any form of army training in the Philippines that was approved by the agency head and hazing is not allowed for school organizations such as fraternities or sororities that prohibits physical violence. In my opinion, Hazing is the most appropriate prerequisite that had ever existed because it doesnt simply bring a benefit for the applicants/ neophytes and it only creates risks of injuries, discomfort, embarrassment, harassment, ridicule, forced consumption of alcohol, placing the individual into danger and even death and such negative consequences. The main reason why Hazers do hazing is that they need to feel powerful and in control yet hazing motivates no one; it even hinders academic achievements, destroys self-esteem and causes emotional and physical pains. It doesn’t have a purpose; it has nothing to do with trust or respect. Hazing was not even related to Greek letter organizations or athletics. It is just a foolish organization that are continued by foolish hazers traditionally as it turns to become epidemic and plague on campuses. Those members who are being hazed are more likely to haze others in the future and would continue yet it should not be tolerated. The only way to stop Hazing is to simple BREAK THE TRADITION and educate members who are responsible for Hazing to move on with their lives and focus more on academics, make people aware what hazing is and what penalties are and seek help from the government and help students develop to become moral citizens that will help rid our society of the negative consequences of hazing. To combat hazing, we should seek help and report such hazing activities to the Government.

Charater Analysis of Winterbou essays

Charater Analysis of Winterbou essays A Character Analysis of Winterbourne in James The story of Daisy Miller is about the social upheaval of the late nineteenth century as the growing American wealthy middle class tussled against the European aristocracy. It also shows how Winterbourne never fully understood Daisy Miller because his class-consciousness and greed got in the way. The latter is what I intend to develop in this paper. Winterbourne is a young American man that has lived in Geneva so long that he had lost a good deal; he had become dishabituated to the America tone. Winterbourne first meets Daisy in the garden of Vevey. He quickly deducted that Miss Daisy Miller was a flirt-a pretty American flirt. Winterbourne is quick to befriend this beautiful American girl. He even wants to introduce Daisy to his aunt. It is during this first conversation between Winterbourne and his aunt that Winterbournes true character begins to be drawn out. Mrs. Costello dislikes the Millers. She believes they are common and that Daisy is a dreadful girl! She refuses to meet Daisy. Winterbourne listened to all this and once tried to standup for Daisy stating, she is not, after all, a Comanche savage. In the end, his aunt helps him make up his mind that Daisy is rather wild. It is at this point, that we begin to see Winterbourne's opinion of Daisy change from one of acceptance to one of condemnation as his tolerance of cultural standards is clouded by the prejudices of the European aristocrats (Mrs. Costello). Mrs. Costello represents the aristocracy that is so prevalent throughout this story. She has a great deal of control over Winterbourne. It appears clear that she holds the purse strings. However, Winterbourne is still charmed by Daisy and he continues to defend Daisy to the aristocracy, claiming that she is just uncultivated and is truly innocent. A couple weeks later the Millers go off to Rome, ...

Adding Commas to a Paragraph

Adding Commas to a Paragraph This exercise offers practice in applying the rules for using commas effectively. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review this article on comma usage. In the following paragraph, insert commas wherever you think they belong. (Try reading the paragraph aloud: at least in some cases, you should be able to hear where commas are needed.) When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph on page two. The Least Successful Car In 1957 Ford produced the car of the decadethe Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close hoods and trunks that wouldnt open batteries that went dead horns that stuck hubcaps that dropped off paint that peeled transmissions that seized up brakes that failed and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius the Edsel one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As Time magazine reported It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added that so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen. When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated version of the paragraph below The Least Successful Car (Paragraph With Commas Restored) In 1957[,]  Ford produced the car of the decadethe Edsel. Half of the models sold proved to be spectacularly defective. If lucky[,]  the proud owner of an Edsel could enjoy any or all of the following features: doors that wouldnt close[,]  hoods and trunks that wouldnt open[,]  batteries that went dead[,]  horns that stuck[,]  hubcaps that dropped off[,]  paint that peeled[,]  transmissions that seized up[,]  brakes that failed[,]  and push buttons that couldnt be pushed even with three people trying. In a stroke of marketing genius[,]  the Edsel[,]  one of the largest and most lavish cars ever built[,]  coincided with the rising public interest in economy cars. As  Time  magazine reported[,]  It was a classic case of the wrong car for the wrong market at the wrong time. Never popular to begin with[,]  the Edsel quickly became a national joke. One business writer at the time likened the cars sales graph to an extremely dangerous ski slope. He added t hat so far as he knew there was only one case of an Edsel ever being stolen.

Response to Changing Perspective of Service in Financial Services Research Proposal

Response to Changing Perspective of Service in Financial Services Sector - Research Proposal Example The FSA has announced several measures to improve corporate governance in the financial services sector. The objective of these regulations is to increase the confidence level of the consumers about the working of the companies, taking into account the financial and non-financial aspects. Financial Services Act 1986 has been replaced by the Financial Services and Market Act 2000 with a view to tightening the controls on the financial services industry... d Market Act 2000 with a view to tightening the controls on the financial services industry, and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) exercises the statutory powers derived from this act. It is increasingly felt that the business model is based on incentives and the role of the independent financial advisors from the investors' protection point of view has become questionable. According to FSA (2010) Retail Distribution Review (RDR), launched in 2006 aims to address the problems inherent in the retail investment market, and is expected to be implemented by 2012 for regulating the sale of retail financial services such as life assurance, pensions, long term savings, and fund management, and it has a profound impact on the operations of the bigger players in the industry like Aviva. Aviva is the biggest insurance group in the UK and it is the world's sixth largest company in the insurance industry with market leadership in general insurance, fire insurance, pension, long term savings and fund management with worldwide operations. The regulatory issues are multifarious and as diversified as the industry.     

Organization Theory, Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Organization Theory, Design and Change - Essay Example In order for a business to achieve effective coordination, excellent decision making and efficient problem resolution framework, it may adopt either a rigid or flexible approaches in addressing issues. To start with, in standardization, definite models which are regarded to be suitable in certain situations may be applied. However, the business may approve mutual adjustment technique whereby depending on the prevailing circumstances, the managers on the ground may decide to use their own judgments in determining the best technique and solutions to the emergent problems. It is important to note that all the discussed mechanisms are necessary and can appropriately apply in different circumstances. For instance, centralization may be more suitable in cases where a business needs to make decisions in regard to long term strategies while decentralization is more effective on the situations that require middle and lower level managers to decide on the real problems occurring on the ground. Besides, standardizations may best fit the circumstances that require conformity while mutual adjustment may be more appropriate in addressing unique issues and special